Charmion von Wiegand on Mondrians New York studio Essay Example For Students

Charmion von Wiegand on Mondrians New York studio Essay Everything was spotless white, like a laboratory. In a light smock, with his clean-shaven face, taciturn, wearing his heavy glasses, Mondrian seemed more a scientist or priest than an artist. The only relief to all the white were large matboards, rectangles in yellow, red and blue, hung in asymmetric arrangements on all the walls. Peering at me through his glasses, he noticed my glance and said: Ive arranged these to make it more cheerful. Thus Charmion von Wiegand on Mondrians New York studio. In his Paris studio he had used flowers to make it more cheerful. One tulip in a vase, an artificial one, its leaves painted white. As Mondrian was probably incapable of irony, the tulip was unlikely to be a wry joke about his having had to produce flowerpieces between 1922 and 1925 when he no longer wanted to because there were no buyers for his abstracts. It could, of course, have been a revenge for the agony a compromise of that sort must have cost him. More likely, it was simply a part of the general revulsion against green and growth which made him, when seated at a table beside a window through which trees were visible to him, persuade someone to change places. The artificial tulip fitted in, of course, with the legend of the studio as laboratory or cell, the artist as scientist or anchorite. Mondrian felt it mattered that an artist should present himself in a manner appropriate to his artistic aims. A photograph of him taken in 1908 shows a bearded floppy-haired Victorian man of sensibility. A photograph of 1911 shows a twentieth-century technologist, cleanshaven with centre parting and brilliantined hair; the spectacles were an inevitable accessory. Soft and hairy becomes hard and smooth; one of the great landscape-painters of his generation, one of the great flower-painters of his generation, comes to find trees monstrous, green fields intolerable. The loneliness of the artificial tulip with its painted leaves might seem to suggest that flora were admitted grudgingly, one plant being the next best thing to none. But it probably meant the opposite of that was probably a sign, not of Mondrians having become a different person, but of his having remained the same. When Mondrian had painted flowers, he almost invariably painted one chrysanthemum, one amaryllis, one tiger lily. His most personal paintings of trees are paintings of one tree; of architecture, are paintings of a lighthouse or a single windmill or an isolated church a solitary tower, often with its entrances as if blocked, like a fortress, refusing disruption of its monolithic intactness, its immaculate otherness, its self-sufficient singularity. Likewise the early romantic landscapes are rarely at all panoramic: they usually take in something like a couple of cows and a tree, three or four trees in a row, a group of farmhouses. And the tendency to concentrate attention inwards persists into the paintings and drawings of the sea Of 1914-15: half of them are of a Pier and Ocean. The ocean is not oceanic, consuming, illimitable: it radiates from a vertical motif representing a man-made projection like the towers jutting into the sky. Only the composition is no longer centripetal. The pluses and minuses of the sea dont converge upon the pier: they do radiate outwards, are then checked by the containing oval within the rectangle of the page or canvas. These works are, of course, among the key transitional pieces between figuration and non-figuration in Mondrian. In the tensions they exhibit between centripetal and centrifugal, they are also representative of his transition from centripetal to centrifugal design. In Mondrian figuration is equated with the centripetal, nonfiguration with the centrifugal. It is interesting that an artist so exceptionally given to symmetry in his early days should so rigorously exclude it in his maturity. Focusing inwards is rejected by Mondrian when the object is rejected. Focusing inwards is involvement. .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b , .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b .postImageUrl , .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b , .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b:hover , .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b:visited , .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b:active { border:0!important; } .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b:active , .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua1a6a4368c14bac9c22732e699dc3f9b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Paintings of the Madonna and Child EssayInvolvement with objects entails suffering. In the paintings of chrysanthemums that most centripetal of flowers there is a sense of concentration that is agonising. It is as if the artist were trying to hypnotise himself by gazing into this flower and as if he were trying to hypnotise the flower into suspending its process of growth, the process that will make the petals fall away, the flowers wilt and die as it is seen to do in two of the paintings in the series. The rapt quality of the image seems to embody a longing to deny time, the flower is held together with a sort of desperation. In the series of images of trees that followed, the forces of growth can no longer be held in. Growth is seen as an irresistible force moving through the tree a river of life, spreading, demanding space into which it can expand. Pictures such as The Red Tree reflect not simply a tree seen now, but the way it has evolved, has lived, has been formed, is still in formation, will wither and die. In pictures such as The Blue Tree the urgency of the need to grow is such that it is as if the whole growth were telescoped into one explosive moment like a shellburst. Coursing with life, the trees are twisted images of torment and despair. Intense involvement with living things is involvement with death. If you follow nature, wrote Mondrian in 1920, you have to accept whatever is capricious and twisted in nature. If the capricious is beautiful, it is also tragic: If you follow nature you will not be able to vanquish the tragic to any real degree in your art. It is certainly true that naturalistic painting makes us feel a harmony which is beyond the tragic, but it does not express this in a clear and definite way, since it is not confined to expressing relations of equilibrium. Let us recognise the fact once and for all: the natural appearance, natural form, natural colour, natural rhythm, natural relations most often express the tragic . . . We must free ourselves from our attachment to the external, for only then do we transcend the tragic, and are enabled consciously to contemplate the repose which is within all things. Mondrian could find a repose to contemplate in natural things so long as he could see them with their energy held in check, as with the chrysanthemums. The object was tolerated so long as it seemed to contain its energy. Looking at the trees, he recognised the forces flowing out of them so that the tendency towards the centrifugal first appears among these images felt the need to release those forces from objects and objectify them in another way. Attachment had to be transferred from natural objects to things not subject to death. To an artificial tulip, which would be everlasting. To lines which were not lines tracing the growth in space of a tree but were lines not matched in nature, lines proper to art, lines echoing the bounding lines of the canvas itself. The lines which had followed the lines of the boughs and branches and twigs of the trees gave way in 1912 to lines derived from the scaffolding in space of Analytical Cubism. Geometric abstraction by and large has its origin in the flat shapes of Synthetic Cubism, a mode completely foreign to Mondrian. One imagines, in the first place, that he must have disapproved of the fact that Picasso and Braque, having evolved with exquisite logic for four years from the Estaque and Horta landscapes to the shattered luminosity of the hermetic period, suddenly took a capricious sideways leap into the arbitrary improvisations of papier collÃÆ'Â ©. .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52 , .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52 .postImageUrl , .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52 , .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52:hover , .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52:visited , .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52:active { border:0!important; } .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52:active , .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52 .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u08a80b37630a8da468d9f1dd5038df52:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Opinion on American Gothic Painting EssayIt is known that he disapproved of the fact that, having attained a sublime level of abstraction from nature, they used papier collÃÆ'Â © to let reality in all its banality and all its subjection to time in through the back door a recourse to nostalgia and materialism. It is evident that he could accept no form of assemblage as a solution. The assembled shapes of Synthetic Cubism ultimately derived from the flat separate shapes of Gauguin. Mondrians allegiance belonged to Impressionism and Seurat, to their concern with translating a sensation into a mesh of brushmarks. Mondrians neo-Impressionist brushmarks of 1908-10 were elongated into the short lines of the seascapes and faÃÆ'Â §ades of 1914-15 which in turn were elongated into lines extending from side to side of the canvas and seemingly beyond. A painting by Malevich or Van Doesburg or Kupka is an assemblage of shapes. A Mondrian does not consist of blue rectangles and red rectangles and yellow rectangles and white rectangles. It is conceived as is abundantly clear from the unfinished canvases in terms of lines lines that can move with the force of a thunderclap or the delicacy of a cat. Mondrian wanted the infinite, and shape is finite. A straight line is infinitely extendable, and the open-ended space between two parallel straight lines is infinitely extendable. A Mondrian abstract is the most compact imaginable pictorial harmony, the most self-sufficient of painted surfaces besides being as intimate as a Dutch interior. At the same time it stretches far beyond its borders so that it seems a fragment of a larger cosmos or so that, getting a kind of feedback from the space which it rules beyond its boundaries, it acquires a second, illusory, scale by which the distances between points on the canvas seem measurable in miles. The positive and the negative are the causes of all action The positive and the negative break up oneness, they are the cause of all unhappiness. The union of the positive and the negative is happiness. The palpable oneness of the solitary flower or tower, being subject to time and change, had to give way to the subliminal oneness of a vivid equilibrium.

The 26 Amendments Of The US Constitution Essays - James Madison

The 26 Amendments of the US Constitution Amendment I (1791) Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Amendment II (1791) A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. Amendment III (1791) No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Amendment IV (1791) The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Amendment V (1791) No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Amendment VI (1791) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. Amendment VII (1791) In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. Amendment VIII (1791) Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Amendment IX (1791) The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Amendment X (1791) The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. Amendment XI (1798) The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state. Amendment XII (1804) The electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate;--The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted;--the person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a

Sample Fraction Essay Questions - Inspiration and Tips For Writing Your Essay

Sample Fraction Essay Questions - Inspiration and Tips For Writing Your EssayFinding sample fraction essay questions is one of the most vital things you can do when applying to any college. When it comes to answering a question about yourself, particularly if you have done very well in school, a little extra research on the topic will help you come up with your best answer. Fortunately, there are some great resources online that can help you do just that. Using sample question questions as inspiration can be a great way to make sure you come up with the best answer for any fraction essay question you might encounter.There are many kinds of questions you might encounter while applying to college. For example, there are essays that will need to cover several different subjects such as history, English, math, and science. Then there are those that will require something more like a 'summary' of an entire semester's worth of lectures. Either way, there is likely to be a mixture of differ ent types of questions, so you will want to find some sample questions online that you can refer to as you prepare for your answers.One way to do this is to use a resource like an essay online, which will allow you to search through a large database of sample fraction essay questions. This database will contain a wide variety of subject areas, including topics relating to your major in college, you loved the subject matter (for example, French or Italian), your favorite TV show, and other topics that may be relevant to your career goals. It should also include some samples of standard essay questions, which can help you see how certain types of questions compare to others.Another great way to find sample questions is to search online forums, blogs, and discussion boards. You can often find samples of fraction essay questions posted by other students who are applying to college.If you choose to look at a resource like an online forum, however, you should first ask a teacher or a prof essor who can give you some pointers on how to write an essay that will stand out. While many colleges accept these sites as a part of their admissions process, you might be better off looking elsewhere. Writing essays is difficult enough without the added pressure of having to try to impress a college admissions committee that may not have read your transcript. In the end, using a sample fraction essay question can make the task much easier.Of course, if you are relying on sample fraction essay questions to help you come up with the best answer, it is important to remember that the authors of these questions are not biased in any way. They simply want to help students prepare for the rigors of college-level writing, so it is important to remember that any question they ask is an attempt to create an excellent essay.In the end, sample fraction essay questions can make the process of writing your own college essay easier and more enjoyable. The best advice you can get is to not allow the importance of sample questions to sway you from your original goals. Instead, focus on coming up with the best essay that you can and to keep the important aspects of the application process in mind.

SAT Score Error Use Hand Score Verification to Correct the Mistake

SAT Score Error Use Hand Score Verification to Correct the Mistake SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Did you make a weird error in filling out your multiple choice answer sheet that led to a dramatically reduced score? Was your essay scanned incorrectly? Hand Score Verification is a way for you to address and correct these mistakes without having to retake the test. In this guide, I'll describe what SAT Hand Score Verification is, how it can help you, and how it might hurt. What Is Hand Score Verification? Normally, the College Board grades its hundreds of thousands of test answer sheets through automated scanning machines. This is why the SAT instructs you to fill in answers using only No. 2 pencils. If you order Hand Score Verification, the College Board reviews your multiple choice answer sheet or essay again manually (by a human)for a fee. It's $55 for either multiple choice or the essay ($110 for both). If you used a fee waiver for the SAT, the fee is reduced to $27.50 each. If you marked the answer sheet correctly but there was a problem in the scanning or scoring process, your score may change, and the fee you paid for score verification will be refunded. If you made an obvious error in filling in the information on the answer sheet (putting your answers in the wrong section of the answer sheet, improperly recording the test identifying code), your score may change, but you won’t get a fee refund. For the essay, the College Board will determine whether there was an error made in the scanning of the essay or the processing of scores assigned by essay readers. In this situation, your adjusted score will be automatically reported and your fee will be refunded. This is not a way to appeal your essay score if your essay was already reviewed and scanned in correctly.Your essay doesn't get reread and re-scored in the process of Hand Score Verification unless it didn't scan properly.If your essay was written in pen (which messes with the scanning process), your score may change, but you won't get a fee refund. Note that your whole answer sheet will be reviewed, even if you only think there was a mistake on one section. I'll explain why this is important next. When Should You Use Hand Score Verification? Because SAT Hand Score Verification costs quite a bit of money, and your score could potentially change for the worse, there are only a few specific situations where it's a good idea. Scenario #1: Your Overall Score Was Very Different from What You Expected If you ended up with consistently high scores on practice tests but you scored fairly low, you could have reason to question your results. You might have bubbled in an entire section incorrectly, or there might have been a mistake with the scanning. Score verification would fix both of these and raise your score. Scenario #2: You Missed Many Questions That You Would Normally Ace Look at your detailed score report to see which types of questions you missed on the test. The College Board splits questions up into easy, medium, and hard categories on the score report and tells you how many of each you got wrong within each section. If you find you missed a lot of easy questions in your strongest subject areas, there might have been a mistake in the scoring process. Scenario #3: Your Essay Is Blank or Unreadable in the Online Score Report This could indicate a scanning error (especially if you remember writing your essay in pen). In this case your essay will be rescored. Scenario #4: You Can't Find Answers with Other Means of Score Verification The College Board also offers Score Verification services in the form of the Student Answer Service and the Question-and-Answer Service. The Student Answer Service just provides you with the types of questions on your test; their levels of difficulty; and whether you answered correctly, incorrectly, or not at all. The Question-and-Answer Service provides you with a booklet copy of the questions on the test and your answers, the correct answers (including how the questions were scored), and information about the types and difficulty levels of all questions on the test. If your scores still don't make sense to you after wading through all this information, Hand Score Verification may be the way to go. That's deep, bro. When Should You NOT Use Hand Score Verification? In these situations, you should consider against SAT Score Verification, because it's unlikely toimprove your score. Scenario #1: Your Score Is Only Marginally Lower Than Expected Some students will freak out because they got a 700 instead of an 800 on one section of the SAT, thinking there must have been some sort of terrible mistake. I'd say that if your score is 0-100 points lower in a section that you expected it to be (or up to 300 points lower overall), you shouldn't order Hand Score Verification unless you look at your score report and the questions you got wrong make no sense to you at all. Hand Score Verification could actually hurt you in this situation because your scores might go down, and you would lose the $55 fee. Scenario #2: You Aren't Happy with Your Essay Score, but Your Essay Shows up Clearly in the Online Score Report Score Verification doesn’t involve the review or rescoring of essays that were scanned in properly. Even ifyou're convinced your essay was destined to be a defining literary classic for your generation and couldn't possibly have gotten the score it did, don't order Hand Score Verification in this situation. Scenario #3: You Didn’t Fill in Your Answer Sheet Properly Examples of this include circling bubbles instead of filling them in or making tiny unicorn drawings in the bubbles to indicate your answers. If this is the case your score won't be changed, but you might just get a magical imaginary 800 for creativity (not accepted by colleges). How Do You Order Score Verification? After reviewing the pros and cons of hand score verification, you might decide it's the right choicefor you. Here's a link to the form you need to fill out to order Hand Score Verification.You can request Hand Score Verification for up to five months after your original test date. As I mentioned in the first section, there is a fee of $55 for Hand Score Verification for either multiple choice or the essay. However, that fee can be reduced by half if you used a fee waiver to pay for SAT registration.If you have information that you think could affect the results of the verification process, you should report it to Customer Service (contact info listed on the form) at the same time that you submit the form. The exact check you will receive in the event of a fee refund for Hand Score Verification. A Final Word About Hand Score Verification If you aren’t 100% sure that you want to order Hand Score Verification, don’t do it until you have exhausted all other score verification measures. These include Student Question-and-Answer Services or Student Answer Services depending on when you took the SAT. If you order Hand Score Verification, you won't have access to the Student Answer Service or Question-and-Answer Service for your hand scored answer sheet. You also won't see the full online score report for this new round of scoring. This time you'll only receive your score report in the mail, just like teenage cavemen did when they took their first SATs. Hand Score Verification is the most rigorous score verification process the College Board offers, so there are no score appeals beyond it.Once Hand Score Verification results are reported, they are final for that version of the test. Don't worry though, you can still take the SAT again if you are unhappy with your results. You should get a letter back within five weeks with your new scores and, depending on whether there was an irregularity in the scanning and scoring process, cold hard cash in the form of a fee refund. Well, it'll probably be a check, but you get the idea. What's Next? If you're reading this article, chances are you're not too happy with your score. We're here to help. Read our in depth guides on earning a perfect score on the SAT, along with strategy guides for reading, math, and writing. Maybe you don't need to aim as high as you think. To come up with the ideal target score for you, and you alone, this article will help you figure out what you should be aiming for based on your top choice schools. If you're unhappy with your score, you can still take the test again! Check out our article onhow many times you should take the SAT. You can also take a look at test dates for2016-2017. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

How to Use the Z.TEST Function in Excel

How to Use the Z.TEST Function in Excel Hypothesis tests are one of the major topics in the area of inferential statistics. There are multiple steps to conduct a hypothesis test and many of these require statistical calculations. Statistical software, such as Excel, can be used to perform hypothesis tests. We will see how the Excel function Z.TEST tests hypotheses about an unknown population mean. Conditions and Assumptions We begin by stating the assumptions and conditions for this type of hypothesis test. For inference about the mean we must have the following simple conditions: The sample is a simple random sample.The sample is small in size relative to the population. Typically this means that the population size is more than 20 times the size of the sample.The variable being studied is normally distributed.The population standard deviation is known.The population mean is unknown. All of these conditions are unlikely to be met in practice. However, these simple conditions and the corresponding hypothesis test are sometimes encountered early in a statistics class. After learning the process of a hypothesis test, these conditions are relaxed in order to work in a more realistic setting. Structure of the Hypothesis Test The particular hypothesis test we consider has the following form: State the null and alternative hypotheses.Calculate the test statistic, which is a z-score.Calculate the p-value by using the normal distribution. In this case the p-value is the probability of obtaining at least as extreme as the observed test statistic, assuming the null hypothesis is true.Compare the p-value with the level of significance to determine whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis. We see that steps two and three are computationally intensive compared two steps one and four. The Z.TEST function will perform these calculations for us. Z.TEST Function The Z.TEST function does all of the calculations from steps two and three above. It does a majority of the number crunching for our test and returns a p-value. There are three arguments to enter into the function, each of which is separated by a comma. The following explains the three types of arguments for this function. The first argument for this function is an array of sample data. We must enter a range of cells that corresponds to the location of the sample data in our spreadsheet.The second argument is the value of  ÃŽ ¼ that we are testing in our hypotheses. So if our null hypothesis is H0:  ÃŽ ¼ 5, then we would enter a 5 for the second argument.The third argument is the value of the known population standard deviation. Excel treats this as an optional argument Notes and Warnings There are a few things that should be noted about this function: The p-value that is output from the function is one-sided. If we are conducting a two-sided test, then this value must be doubled.The one-sided p-value output from the function assumes that the sample mean is greater than the value of  ÃŽ ¼ we are testing against. If the sample mean is less than the value of the second argument, then we must subtract the output of the function from 1 to get the true p-value of our test.The final argument for the population standard deviation is optional. If this is not entered, then this value is automatically replaced in Excel’s calculations by the sample standard deviation. When this is done, theoretically a t-test should be used instead. Example We suppose that the following data are from a simple random sample of a normally distributed population of unknown mean and standard deviation of 3: 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 8, 10, 12 With a 10% level of significance we wish to test the hypothesis that the sample data are from a population with mean greater than 5. More formally, we have the following hypotheses: H0: ÃŽ ¼ 5Ha:  ÃŽ ¼ 5 We use Z.TEST in Excel to find the p-value for this hypothesis test. Enter the data into a column in Excel. Suppose this is from cell A1 to A9Into another cell enter Z.TEST(A1:A9,5,3)The result is 0.41207.Since our p-value exceeds 10%, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. The Z.TEST function can be used for lower tailed tests and two tailed tests as well. However the result is not as automatic as it was in this case. Please see here for other examples of using this function.

Analyzing media used by presidential campaigns Term Paper

Analyzing media used by presidential campaigns - Term Paper Example Even with this, many critics often oversee the main underlying issues of any political campaign but, they target the appearances and characters of the politicians and the way the political ads are advertised. They claim that bad advertisement is the sole factor which demeans all the major issues that surround a political campaign. It is also said that the way a campaign is aired on television by the media has made a political event into a popularity contests and has the result of candidates becoming slaves to the voter's opinions and not its leaders. Advertising in all aspects is covered up by a one-liner which says that "the advertiser's product is a lot better and workable for the viewer as the competitor's products". To make a decision for or against this claim is up to how the viewer as to how they perceive it. It may not important what a certain person decides to buy for dinner after seeing the ads. But what that person, as a voter decides to vote may have huge far-reaching and consequential effects. "Advertisements are more important than debates and speeches in political campaigns" (Just, 1990). With the help of media, the general public becomes aware of the how’s, what’s, when’s, where, which ones, and whys of the political scenario of any political campaign. A sensible use of media can be used to teach the voter-of-tomorrow, to decide how, when and why to vote a certain politician appearing on the media screen. Humans are highly judgmental by nature, so it is very important as to how a politician is portrayed on the media, especially with regard to someone who is seeing the politician for the first time. As the saying goes "first impression is the last impression". The voter's and the public in general will decide if they want to vote for a certain politician in the first 20 seconds of seeing an advertisement of a political campaign. According to the U.S. the presidential race between ford and carter indicates the fact that carter' s image clearly shaped a better picture in their minds (1976). The reaction to ford's image played a major role (Oshagan, 1988). Media and candidate's use of media has very strong impressions on those who are about to make their decisions about voting for one candidate or the other (research on the Australian Elections). people who decide upon who they will vote, before a campaign starts are not moved by any forms of media campaigns as are those who have not yet decided. They are very much likely to be moved by the campaigns and are thus the main focus of any political media campaigns. These voters are referred to as the "undecided voters" and they more often than not refer to the media for information about all candidates and that too very near the elections so that they have a clear view of what is and what is not. The debate between the US presidential candidates, Nixon and Kennedy is often quoted in history as a very good example of a typical media political campaign. It is also claimed that the way both of them appeared on television and the personae they exuded was a big reason for Kennedy's ultimate victory in the end. Although here some people also debate over fact that the way the media portrayed the two candidates was perhaps not that justified in their losing or winning. (Vancil and Pendell, 1987). Even the debates over the presidential

Corporate Social Responsibility of Qantas Airline Case Study

Corporate Social Responsibility of Qantas Airline - Case Study Example This research tells that Corporate Social Responsibility aligns the corporate actions and activities to the government law and ensure the business model is ethical. The goal of Corporate Social Responsibility is to embrace responsibility for the company's actions and to encourage the positive impacts through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, and stakeholders. This report will analyze the implemented CSR policies of Qantas Airways and assess their effectiveness to determine whether the practice has helped the organization in achieving its goals and objective. According to Qantas Airway Limited Website, Qantas was established in 1920by Paul McGuiness, Hudson Fysh, Fergus McMaster and Arthur Baird. After almost 91 years of growing and developing, Qantas nowadays is widely regarded as the world's leading long distance airline and one of the strongest brands in Australia. It employs approximately 32,500 employees and offers services across a network spa nning 182 destinations over 44 countries. The main business of Qantas is the transportation of passengers, with two main brands, Qantas and Jetstar; operate the total passenger fleet of 252 aircraft. For the full year ended 30 June 2010, Qantas reported underlying profit before tax of $377 million. Net Profits after tax was $116 million. In Qantas, there is a corporate governance framework that works under the Safety, Health, and Environment Security Committee (SESC). This is a board of oversight that was introduced in 1994 is found at Qantas.com. Currently, the board has six members with each having his or her rank. There is the chief executive officer of the board and five independent non-executive officers. The board has laid down a charter that is available on their website. The charter talks more of their objectives, visions, and missions. The SESC has its objectives that are all aimed at assisting the board in performance; the SESC also assists the board on issues concerning s afety, health, security matters, and the environment. They aim at making the working environment to be conducive to working. The SESC also deals with risk management, which in any business, is one of the areas that require a lot of concentration. A good process of risk management should be laid down and then implemented to point. Apart from the working of the audit committee, SESC also works in a way to ensure that there are credibility and transparency. SESC holds meetings regularly from where it sets objectives of achieving the latter objectives and there are some qualifications that members of SESC must meet before joining. All this is meant to ensure that the performance of SESC is done to perfection, and with practiced ease.